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Bitter melon has been used as a traditional medicine because of its
therapeutic properties. It is commonly used in Asia and Africa as
treatment for fever, burns, dysentery and skin problems. It is known
to treat gastrointestinal diseases.

It is as well said to treat painful menstruation. But since it can
bring menses, it may decrease fertility, it is an abortifacient, and
is used for birth control.

Some of bitter melon's purported health benefits are treatment for
diabetes and viral infection, and may prevent cancer.

Nutrients and Health Benefits of Bitter Melon

Pods are rich in phytonutrients like dietary fiber, antioxidants,
vitamins and minerals. Since it's a source of dietary fiber, therefore
it maybe helpful in relieving indigestion and constipation problems,
as it was used in traditional medicine.

The phytonutrient, polypeptide-P, which is a plant insulin, along with
charantin, which is a hypoglycemic agent, are responsible in reducing
blood sugar levels, that is helpful for the treatment of Type 2
diabetes.

Pods are a good source of folate. Folate or folic acid may boost red
blood cell development. It may help prevent cancer.

Bitter melon is a good source of:

Vitamin C, which is a natural antioxidant.

Vitamin B3 (niacin), Vitamin B5 (panthotenic acid), Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Minerals like iron, potassium, zinc, magnesium and manganese.

Flavonoids and Vitamin A compound that may act against aging and cancer.

According to study, there are two anticancer compounds extracted from
the seed and fruit that may cause self-destruction in leukemia. It may
kill and prevent breast cancer cells from growing.

According to laboratory tests, there are compounds in bitter melon
that may be effective in treating HIV infection.

Cautions:

Bitter melon may contain alkaloid which may be intolerable to some people.

The seeds may contain vicine, that may trigger symptoms of favism.

Fruit is not advisable for consumption to pregnant women.

It is reported that the red arils of the seeds can be toxic to children.

It is not recommended be  consumed in excessive amount, because it may
be toxic at an extreme large quantity.

Toxicity Symptoms. It may include excessive salivation, vomiting,
nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, facial redness, and dimness of vision.

Precaution. If bitter melon is used to control diabetes, consult your
doctor regarding the dosage you need to take.

Side Effects:

If bitter melon is taken to lower blood sugar level, at the same time
with a medication for the same purpose, it may cause complications.

If it is taken for an extended period of time for diabetes control, it
may increase the risk of developing liver inflammation.